![]() Based on NEDC driving conditions, the driving range calculation formula and energy flow diagram analysis method were used. Real vehicle dynamic driving data was used to validate the model. To quantitatively investigate the driving range attenuation of electric vehicles (EVs) during winter, an EV model mainly integrated with a passenger-cabin thermal model, battery model, and vehicle dynamic model was constructed and simulated based on the mass-produced Wuling HongGuang Mini EV. Many researchers have analyzed the reasons for range attenuation but the coupling mechanism of the battery as well as the vehicle and driving conditions have not been clearly estimated. In the winter months, many differences between the drive cycles were not discernible due to the high cabin conditioning energy consumptions.Ī great many EVs in cold areas suffer from range attenuation in winter, which causes driver anxiety concerning the driving range, representing a hot topic. Summer city and highway driving resulted in the lowest energy consumption (Wh/km), while congested and expressway driving cycles resulted in the highest. On average, heating the cabin in the winter months consumed significantly more electric energy than cooling the cabin in the summer months. Cabin conditioning energy was found to be directly related to the difference between ambient and cabin temperature, except at low temperatures (<0☌) when the 1.4L engine activates to assist the thermal management system. ![]() EPA sticker rating (57.9km), while at cold (25☌) the all-electric range decreased to as low as 27.5km and 47.3km, respectively. At warm temperatures (~25☌) the Chevrolet Volt’s on-road all-electric range generally exceeded the U.S. Results from these studies were analysed to evaluate the overall performance of the Chevrolet Volt on public roads in climates representative of most of Canada (-27☌ to 37☌) using realistic accessory settings. Both NRCan and EC tests measured cumulative electric distance, select CANbus signals and AC grid supply charge energy. EC tests recorded cabin conditioning, traction battery and 12V accessory power, select vehicle component temperatures, regulated emission rates and exhaust flow, and DC charge energy. More than 1300 trips were conducted over nine routes: three city, one congested, two arterial, one highway and two expressway routes. The Volt has won several awards, including the 2009 Green Car Vision Award, 2011 Green Car of the Year, 2011 North American Car of the Year, 2011 World Green Car, 2012 European Car of the Year, and 2016 Green Car of the Year.Environment Canada (EC) and Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) separately tested two 2012 Chevrolet Volts between 20 in Ottawa, Ontario on public roads in the summer and winter months using realistic cabin-climate control settings. and Canada began in October 2015 as a 2016 model year. Deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. The second-generation Volt's improved battery system and drivetrain increased the all-electric range to 53 miles (85 km), its EPA-rated fuel economy in charge-sustaining mode to 42 mpg ‑US (5.6 L/100 km 50 mpg ‑imp ), and the combined city/highway fuel economy in all-electric mode to 106 MPG-e, up from 98 MPG-e. Under the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cycle, the 2013 – 15 model year Volt all-electric range is 38 mi (61 km), with a combined electric mode/gasoline-only rating of 62 mpg ‑US (3.8 L/100 km 74 mpg ‑imp ) equivalent (MPG equivalent). The Volt's regenerative braking also contributes to the on-board electricity generation. While running on gasoline at high speeds the engine may be mechanically linked (by a clutch) to a generator set, improving efficiency by 10% to 15%. From there, its internal combustion engine powers an electric generator to extend the vehicle's range as needed. The Volt operates as a pure battery electric vehicle until its battery capacity drops to a predetermined threshold from full charge. ![]() As of December 2019, the Chevrolet Volt is listed as the all-time top-selling plug-in hybrid in the American market. Until December 2018, the Volt/Ampera family of vehicles was the world's all-time bestselling plug-in hybrid vehicle. Just over 10,000 Opel/Vauxhall Ampera cars had been sold in Europe as of June 2016. is the leading market, with 157,054 Volts delivered through the end of 2019, followed by Canada with 16,653 Volts sold through September 2018. Global combined Volt/Ampera-family sales totaled about 177,000 units by the end of October 2018. Sales of the 2011 Volt began in the United States in mid-December 2010, followed by various European countries and other international markets in 2011.
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